Analysis of Spatial Alienation in Al-Kafira Novel by Ali Badr Based on Melvin Simon's Theory

melvin Seeman is a sociologist who has been instrumental in analyzing the problem of alienation from a social point of view and has given it particular dimensions and challenges in view of the importance of alienation a phenomenon that has long been associated with humanity and in the age of globalization, It has deeply and profoundly added itself to literature because literature is the mirror of societies, and since the novel is the embodiment of the human response to this worldview, it is the most open way to understand its problems and reality. However, this phenomenon is still Complex and requires further studies. This research, based on a social approach, seeks to elaborate on Al-Kafra's novel analysis of Seaman's theory and the most important aspects of alienation in it, especially the hero, is to say that the problem of alienation is clearly evident in the novel, and in their behavior, how they deal with the problems of decision-making Their alienation is apparent, and this is not unique to Sophia in Iraq, and even Adrian, who grew up in Lebanon and has fled to Belgium, is suffering from the problem. And Adrian's alienation is nonsense and isolationism and Sophia's alienation is powerles. This research has two theoretical and comparative axes in the theoretical axis, the nature of alienation and its types, in general and in practical terms, on the use of the social view It focuses on the sense of powerlessness, meaninglessness, meaninglessness, self-loathing of the main characters and sub-characters