The Influence of Mirza Naeini Ideology on the Religious Developments of Constitutional (Mashrūteh) Era

The Qajar sultans sought to instill their shadow of being God on earth and, for years, under the guise of religion, consider the lives, property, and land of the people as their personal property in the name of defending religion. Constitutionalists such as Naini, relying on the elements of reason, principles of jurisprudence, Qur'an and Sunnah, practiced ijtihad in the new concepts of Western discourse in the form of the constitutional system to reconcile the Shiite religion with rational concepts and the compatibility of Sharia with some rational principles of Western discourse such as Show freedom, equality, parliament, majority vote, referendum, etc .; Thus, developments in religious thought dominated the constitutional movement, and the modern state was formed on the basis of religious teachings in Iran and established by religious leaders such as Allameh Naeini. Mirza Naeini supported the constitutional movement and designed and modeled the form of the government to prevent Qajar tyranny. He described religious tyranny as more dangerous than the tyranny of the court. He believed that through legislation, the participation of the people and the council, the power of religion in the political and social spheres could be demonstrated. The present article in a descriptive-analytical study examines the influence of Naini thoughts. By distinguishing the concept of freedom from emancipation, he contrasted with those who saw freedom in conflict with religion that the notion of religion without freedom is persecution of religion and a misunderstanding of religion. The results of the research show that Mirza Naeini initiated another change in the constitutional era by proposing the principle of equality that the rules and regulations should be applied equally for the rich and the poor, the peasant and the master.