The Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Perceptions of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire in the Elderly

One of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses is to prevent patients from harming themselves and others in the care process, and many nurses use physical restraint to achieve this goal. Whereas the use of physical restraint in elderly patients is associated with physical-psychological complications and ethical issues; it is important to identifcation of nurses, perceptions about the use of physical restraint in hospitalized elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the nurseschr('39') Perception of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire(PRUQ) in hospitalized elderly.

Methods & Materials: 

Methodology of this study was descriptive and validation that was carried out in university hospitals in Kermanshah(western Iran) in 2019. After obtaining permission from the designers of the Perception of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire(PRUQ), translation was performed  by using WHO standard protocol. Then, the Persian version of the questionnaire was completed by 330 nurses who were selected by available sampling according to the inclusion criteria. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity(qualitative and quantitative), content validity(qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity(exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by test-retest and internal consistency. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS23 and AMOS5 software.

Content validity indices for the whole questionnaire were CVR = 0.78 and S-CVI = 0.88. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses extracted three factors including “prevention of falls”, “prevention interference or disruption with treatment” and “providing safe environment”. The fitness of the three factor model of the PRUQ construct was approved based on standard indices (χ2/df=2.27, GFI=0.83, CFI=0.91, NFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.08). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient(0.82) and intra-class correlation (0.86).

The Persian version of the Perception of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire(PRUQ) has suitable validity and reliability among nurses working in hospital wards. Given the proper psychometric properties, this questionnaire can be used in future studies in this population.