Analysis of Genetic Differences in Genes Associated with Immune Response Among Purebred and Crossbreed Sistani and Montebeliarde Cow Populations using RNA-Seq Data

Mutations during gene sequencing lead to nucleotide changes, resulting in new function in gene. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and analysis the reasons for the differential expression of immune-related genes between the two populations of purebred and crossbreed Sistani and Montebeliarde cows. In this study, the results of the analysis of differential expression among the population of purebred and crossbreed Sistani and Montebeliarde cows using RNA-Seq data were used for genetic analysis and phylogenetic tree mapping. Clustal W nucleotide sequences were aligned using the MegaAlign software, and the phylogenetic tree and matrix of differences and similarities of the sequences were plotted. Based on the results of this study, the mean difference between nucleotides (nucleotide divergence) and the total number of mutations for the studied genes among purebred and crossbreed Sistani and Montebeliarde populations were in the range (2598-1869) and (3898-74) . Also, conserved regions make up a small part of the sequence of genes studied, indicating a high polymorphism of these genes and their susceptibility to nucleotide changes and mutations. The results of the phylogenetic tree for the nucleotide sequence of the studied genes showed that there is genetic diversity and divergence in the studied genes among purebred and crossbreed Sistani and Montebilliard and Indicus populations. The numerical value of the dN/dS ratio for the studied genes indicated the positive selection for these genes.