The Pathology of Friendship with Kuffār(Disbelievers) in Islamic Society and the Resolutionsfor That Based on Sūrah MumtahinahUsing Thematic Analysis

The purpose of the present study is to review the pathology of friendship with Kuffār (disbelievers) in the Islamic Society and finding resolutions for that based on Sūrah Mumtahinah using thematic analysis. The basic, organizing, general, and final themes in Sūrah Mumtahinah were extracted from the Qur’anic verses and vocabularies in order to discover the themes using thematic analysis. It was determined that the dominant general themes in this Sūrah discourage friendship with disbelievers and encourage obedience to the divine rules in terms of relationship between Muslims and Kuffār. Accordingly, the final theme that is self-esteem and distrust to the enemy was introduced. Moreover, in this regard and with respect to Birā’at jūyī (loathing), the Islamic society faces various moral damages such as the domination of sentiments and extremism in political-social domains so for releasing the Islamic society from such challenges, God Almighty has stated some guidelines like the model of Majesty Ibrāhīm (s) and justice to resolve this problem.