Analysis of the functions of the sword element in the in network concept in the Gazal of Saeb

Literally, association means two-sided or multi-sided call which is accompanied by action and reaction, while psychologically it infers to a psychological relation among concepts, events or mental states mostly originating from special experiences. In other words, association is “the mental correlation among two or further imagines or memories in a manner that the presence of either leads to the induction of another” (Staly and Bras, 257: 1369). The artistic language as the most prominent literary tool, owes its own elevation to association and its four rules i.e. “similarity, proximity, conflict, as well as cause and effect” (Safavi, 27: 1383). Indian poet fashion is among literary districts where a wider field is there for this artistic technique in as much as “the words applied in the Indian-fashioned poetry easily fly out from their nests of cliché images, where they freely, mysteriously and fully ambiguously fly in the free and dreamlike association of poets’ minds land in the nest of their neighbors to represent novel and unusual images” (Vafaie and Kamali Baniani, 365: 1394). During this era, unlimited struggles have been made to create new clusters of novel elements in addition to the extension of association district and the network of images attempted taking advantage of the elements prevalent among the poets from previous era (Shafii Kadkani, 71: 1366). Saeb, due to his unbound fiction in the usage of elements, can be regarded as the most leading pioneer in this area, and “razor” is of the elements that has notably been applied as a most frequent and canonical element in his lyrics association networks in both approaches of the extension of old networks as well as in the creation of novel networks. In other words, instead of the element itself, two dependent combinations i.e. “razor” and “” as margins and its new affiliates have been his focus in the creation of images in the expression of the concepts. Additionally, the poet has added intact clusters to the bushes of poetry fiction via the application of the element itself as the axis of novel association networks formed based on the new elements that have found their way to Indian-fashioned lyric district. Here in this article, the authors have studied the creation and development of fiction networks considering razor and its affiliates as the major theme, and have paid to the role of this element in converting paired words and the expression of its relation to other elements within this networks.

A descriptive-analysis and content-analysis method was applied in the investigation of the subject of this research and its edition. The theoretical reason of the research are based on the valid resources in the field of poetry techniques, stylistics, poetic schools, as well as the first class works in the district of concepts and expression. Relied on these sources, the theoretical bases and the outlines of the subject have been illustrated. Then, the evidence according to these bases of provable consistence with the subject of the research were extracted out as target source from Saeb’s Court and investigated. In this way, the elements either of most frequent association with the razor element, or applied as counterparts for it in paired words have been identified. Based on the concepts of the goal, these elements have been studied following 5 titles of association networks and 4 titles of paired words.

“The analogy between the allegories and the style of Saeb’s equations is rooted in the association of meanings, which Elliott also refers to the association of meanings, and believes that the only way to express emotions in an artistic manner is to find the association of meanings (Maleki, 2006: 97). Similar to all the elements in this context, the razor element and its elements have been associated with Saeb’s mind and have played a role as the dominant element of the core or prominent side in various networks of his imagination. In such a way that even the thinnest thread of the razor connection and its dependencies with other elementsis not hidden from his far-sighted and narrow-minded vision. In the five networks analyzedin the present article, water and hydration of the razor have allowed him to establish a broad range of connections between this element and the aquatic elements of nature such as wave, sea, flood, etc., and on the other hand attributing the razor to the beloved. And the desire of lovers for eternal life, by being killed by this razor and benefiting from its water and water supply, is an excuse to connect it with elements such as Khezr, the water of life, Jesus, etc. as symbols of life and life conferring. The trait of razor that brings confusion and absolute destruction to lovers by killing them, in another network based on the concept of confusion, has become the link between the elements such as sacrifice, sacrifice’s eye, Besmel (the sacrifice decapitated reciting the name of God), Martyr, etc. Also, obtaining ink and originality for the razor by enduring twisting, heat and other severe construction steps, sparks linking this element with ingredients such as chain, hair, chains, etc. and creating a network based on twisting concepts, austerity, the silence and originality of the essence of the razor is clear in the poet's mind. Another network in which the connection of elements is out of the realm of concept and is formed on the basis of proximity is a network in which the razor is associated with elements such as sutures, wounds, needles, strings, and ointments, and another opportunity for the poet to imagine. He has created allegories and rhetoric and other rhetorical industries. Another use of the razor is to create allegories and themes by relating it to certain elements, in pairs and in the form of a pair of words, which is the most common quadruple, that is, the words "razor and needle", "razor and whetstone", "razor and displaced chicken" and " razor and Hunting the shrine " have been investigated.

In the process of escaping the vulgarity of the use of elements in the art of poetry, in terms of creating new images and expressing unprecedented themes, Saeb, like other poets of the Indian style and more than most of them, has changed the borders and norms of various aspects such as logical relationships, co-ordination rules, image-making capacities, etc. This work of art requires the expansion and modernization of ancient visual and semantic networks and the creation of pristine networks in poetry, which factors such as the prevailing political situation and the change of poetry and poetic base from court to alley and market and boiling with popular culture, has helped the poet in achieving this goal. Thus, in this period, in addition to the penetration of some new elements and terms into the prohibition fence of classical lyric poetry, the root elements have also undergone a fundamental change, and with the expansion and reconstruction of art, they become the canonical point of association network.The razor element, has experienced both aspects of this method in Saeb's sonnet, so that at first, by changing the centrality of the poet's focus from the essence of the razor element to its two dependents, namely "razor ink" and "razor water" and connecting a range of other elements, as reminiscent of each others imaginary clusters, pristine and imaginative networks have shaped in his poetry, and on the other hand, in the dimension of expansion and modernization, the razor because of its mix with the elements introduced to the poetry from the public culture, has used as the most common art tool, and its application is so great.Some aspects of the razor that have manipulated by the imagination of the poet, have been discussed in this study. In most cases, the razor is quite different from those used in previous periods and shows the need for study in this case as well as in other popular and favorite elements of the poet to explain the intellectual system and deep understanding of his poetry