Effect of Salt Stress on Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat Cultivars

The aim of this study to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to salt stress on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and more understand about the mechanisms of resistance to salinity and access to tolerance genetic resources. To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salinity (control and 16 dS m-1) on morphological and physiological aspects of 5 wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with factorial treatments in three replications. The results showed that salt stress causes a significant reduction in shoot and root dry matter, the concentration of K+ and K+/Na+ ratio of different varieties of wheat and this reduction was more severe in higher levels of salinity. The sodium content of the plant increased in high salinity. so that the negative correlation (-.828) between the concentration of sodium ions shoot and shoot and root dry matter. In addition, salt tolerant cultivars compared with the susceptible cultivars showed high K+/Na+ ratio in shoot and root keep better performance in salinity stress. So K+/Na+ showed significant positive correlation (0.747) with the shoot dry matter. salt tolerant cultivars transfer Less sodium in their shoot. shoot K+ ion concentration was positively correlated (.747) with shoot dry matter. The observed negative correlation between sodium concentration and the chlorophyll content (-0.946) indicate that the plant metabolism has been adversely affected by salinity stress.