Geographical distribution of Arab settlements in Iran in the first century AH

Abdul Malik ibn Marwan, the fifth Umayyad caliph, had several important political and economic events when he came to the caliphate, which led to the re-establishment of the Umayyad rule. His political rival at the time was Abdullah ibn Zubayr, who claimed caliphate over the Muslims and ruled from Mecca over Iraq and some eastern states. The successive revolts of the Kharijites and the Iranians joining foreign groups and accompanying them, along with the revolt of Ibn Ash'ath and the accompanying of the Iranians and Mawlawi with him, are important political and social events of the time of Abdul Malik. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the political, social and economic changes in Iran during the caliphate of Abdul Malik bin Marwan (65-86 AH). This study aims to answer the question of what political, social and economic changes have taken place in Iran during the caliphate of Abdul Malik bin Marwan? He used the method of descriptive-analytical research and theoretical foundations of historical geography, which was done in a library and documentary manner. After analyzing the information, this result was obtained: The most important political changes are the selection of Hajjaj bin Yusuf Saghafi as the agent of Iraq and the East and the elimination of Zubairians, the political rival of the Marwanis, as well as long battles with the Kharijites and the killing of many of them.