Critical Formulation of the Discourse of Urban Spontaneous Settlements in the World and Iran

The phenomenon of poverty, especially after industrialization, has gradually become a phenomenon with a spatial rotation and in the form of transition from rural and industrial phenomena to urban phenomena, and with the entry of the second stage of capital accumulation in cities, it is always reproducing poverty. For decades, the physical manifestation of this problem has been used under various headings, including urban slums, informal settlements, slums and so on. In this transition, different perspectives have been adopted at different levels in the world to deal with this phenomenon, and each of them has been the beginning of a dominant discourse on this issue. Each of these discourses, according to the political, economic and social demands and requirements of society, as well as the shortcomings of the ruling discourse, reconstructs its semantic system and presents it as an efficient and capable system in overcoming the problems of society. In this regard, at the global level, since the domination of capitalism until now, in the discourse of development, the discourse of culture of poverty and pathology, different views and methods have been adopted to deal with poverty and spontaneous urban settlements. These discourses have a direct impact on the national situation and have had an impact on the discourse in Iran in each period. In addition, the policies adopted in each period have had a direct impact on local conditions. In this research, the method of critical discourse analysis at the level of text and discourse practices has been used.