Satisfaction of Mehr Housing Residents, Physically and Socially in Sahand New City (Case Study: Aftab Complex)

In Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution, an attempt was made to provide maximum housing with an urban land plan. However, population growth and population flows along with economic trends in the following decades led to a large population of homeless people (especially in urban areas). In this regard, in 2008 (during the first term of Ahmadinejad's presidency), the Mehr housing project was implemented in Iran. Few studies in the field of pathology of Mehr housing have identified significant challenges in various fields. In the field of architecture, insufficient use of Iranian-Islamic architecture features and little attention to the use of identity indicators is a considerable drawback of Mehr housing. Also, in the field of social stability and in the form of indicators such as security, identity, sense of belonging, and cultural spaces, Mehr housing has not had the necessary efficiency. Therefore, in terms of the dimensions of residential quality such as economic and physical, cultural and physical, cultural and environmental, and environmental and physical, Mehr Housing has not been able to provide appropriate residential quality. In the implementation of the sewage project, shortage of educational and recreational units, urban space, asphalting of streets and provision of public spaces such as parks and ways to access units and street layout are facing challenges. Also, in terms of locating, studies have shown that the selected areas have not been identified as areas with priority and suitable for housing construction. In general, although comprehensive studies have not been conducted in the field of Mehr housing challenges of Sahand new city, considering the overall compliance of housing projects with the same structure and framework, it can be claimed that the set of economic, social, environmental and physical problems listed in the studies (in the cities of the country) can also be referred to the housing of the new city of Sahand.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The study's statistical population includes the resident population of the Aftab complex in the new city of Sahand, which is equal to 945 people, and the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 273 people. First, the normality of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the research questions, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were applied. The structural equation modeling approach was exerted using SPSS, MPLUS, and AMOS software to analyze the data. In this research, first, exploratory factor analysis based on principal component extraction and VARIMAX rotation method was applied using SPSS software to discover factors affecting the architecture of Mehr housing. Then, using MPLUS software, a confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the exploratory factor structure. In the qualitative method, in-depth interview method was used. The statistical population is 36 architecture and urban planning professors and experts in the East Azerbaijan Housing Foundation. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software and analyzed based on the method of structural equations and the alternative table.

The present study is related to Mehr housing architecture based on the physical-social dimension in the new city of Sahand, which the results showed that the index value (CMIN / DF) is equal to 3.85 which is desirable value for model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.999, which indicates the acceptability of this rate for optimal fit of the model. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is 0.000, which is acceptable due to being smaller than 0.05 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 1.000, and the parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) is 0.82, which all indicate the desired fit and approval of the research model. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all physical-social factors on the Mehr housing architecture are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. Comfort and security with a factor loading of 0.83 have the greatest impact on the housing architecture of the new city of Sahand. After that, landscape beauty (with factor loading 0.82), strength (with factor loading 0.80), privacy (with factor loading 0.79), facilities and equipment (with factor loading 0.71), location optimal (with a factor loading of 0.64), compatibility (with a factor loading of 0.56), accessibility (with a factor loading of 0.49) and culture (with a factor load of 0.11), respectively.

According to the obtained results, it is concluded that physical-social factors are influential in the satisfaction of Mehr housing residents of the new city of Sahand and there is a direct relationship between them. The results of this study are in line with internal researches such as Ansari, (2015), Imani et al, (2019), Barzegar et al. (2019), Pourahmad et al. (2019), Purdihimi et al. (2013), Pourmohammadi et al. (2014), Dashti et al. (2019), Hassanpour et al. (2019), and foreign researches such as Bentely et al., 2019, Boomsma et al., 2017, Duvier et al., 2018, Friesinger et al., 2019, Ramos et al., 2018.