Comparative-historical study on how Iranians face emerging technologies in contemporary history and its impact on the country's policy system (Case studies: Qajar and Pahlavi)

The emergence of new technologies has presented the technological revolutions to humanity. Wise policymaking to maximize the use of opportunities and minimize the threats posed by such technologies in the country, requires attention to the environment and the study of social conditions. The study of how Iranians face historical challenges with emerging technologies is an issue that helps to better explain the contextual conditions prevailing in society and has important lessons for policy making in this area. Using the comparative-historical approach and focusing on the teaching methods of policy, as well as the use of library and documentary resources, this study seeks to find out how Iranians face new technologies during the Pahlavi and Qajar eras. For this purpose, the economic, political and cultural conditions of the Qajar and Pahlavi eras have been explained by historical studies. While studying how governments, intellectual currents and religious currents face the emergence of new technologies in these conditions, elements have been extracted that have existed jointly during this period and also have implications for the country's current policy. Finally, by presenting a kind of classification, the elements are classified into three categories: governance policies, community contexts, and key actors, which outline the overall conditions of the country's emerging technology policy system and provide a more comprehensive view of policymakers.