مجله دانش سیاسی
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار و تابستان 1403)

In Iran's political sociology, the Islamic revolution is a continuous thing, in progress and not finished. The evolutionary process of the Islamic revolution includes five stages. Islamic revolution, Islamic system, Islamic state, Islamic society and new Islamic civilization are these stages. Exactly the spirit of the general will of the people can be seen in all these steps Different groups of people play a role in Islamic society, Islamic state and Islamic civilization. Organization of people requires sociological theories. The flow of middle circles is a new concept that refers to the general role of people in the social political arena. In order to strengthen the structure of the Islamic society of Iran, in the second step, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the middle circle as the main driver of the future in Iran. The problem is, basically, what is the sociological nature of this concept and organization for today's Iranian society. Therefore, the present article is trying to provide a detailed understanding of the flow of middle circles, the theoretical foundations of this concept are mentioned, the definition of this concept is also mentioned, and the features, functions, relationship with aligned structures are discussed, and finally, the appropriate political system It is presented with the flow of intermediate loops for better understanding. corresponding to it Interviews were conducted with experts and faculty members, and the data was analyzed with the help of MAXQDA software, and it was concluded that its important function is to link the past with the future, link the current situation with ideals, and link the Islamic Revolution with the new Islamic civilization; And guiding and social planning of all public movements in the society is the responsibility of the middle circles and It will lead this task based on synergy and self-organization of the people themselves.

Although the declarative approach about separating sports from ideology is expressed and promoted by many related organizations, but the analysis of the experiences of countries indicates the connection between them. In this article, the consequences of the presence of neoliberalism in the field of sports in Islamic Republic of Iran are expressed using the method of thematic analysis. The results indicate that in the past two decades, Iran's development policies have more or less followed the neoliberalism, and this has affected Iran's sports and had important consequences which are: effort to hosting various sports events at the international level, creating different professional leagues in sports as a result of commercial approach to sports, spending huge expenses on management of sport clubs by government, developing sport companies active in various fields of commercial sport, commercializing sport education, products and services, handling sport for all by the private sector through local and regional sports clubs, and managing major part of educational sport under the title of non-governmental schools.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of political participation of the youth of Hamadan province and the factors affecting it. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population studied in this research was all the youths aged 18 to 34 in Hamadan province, whose total number is 543,486 according to the statistics announced by the Iranian Statistics Center. A stratified-proportional random sampling method was used to select the research sample. The sample size of the research was estimated to be 384 people by using the sample estimation table from the Karajesi Morgan community, but with the aim of increasing reliability and reducing errors, 506 questionnaires were distributed, of which 475 questionnaires were collected. The information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. In general, the level of political participation of 232 people (48.4%) from the studied sample is very low, 84 people (17.7%) are low, 98 people (20.6%) are moderate, 35 people (7.4%) are high. And 28 people (5.9%) is too much. The results showed that education does not have much effect on the level of political participation of the youth, and no significant relationship was found between the level of education of the youth, the education of parents and the political participation of the sample. Also, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the religious attitude of the studied sample and their political participation. No significant relationship was observed between the level of political awareness and the level of political participation of the sample. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the political participation of young people and the amount of use of social networks; However, there is a positive relationship between the political participation of young people and their use of mass media and the use of television and newspapers, and there is a negative relationship with the use of satellite and internet. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the economic status of families and the economic status of the studied sample (youths) with political participation.

Through the convergence of satellite and internet networks, new communication technologies have opened the platform for the emergence of new actors, including governments, organizations, companies, groups, and new personalities to enter the field of foreign policy and openly compete with traditional powers in the field of international relations. Investigating the impact of new technologies on the emergence of new actors in the international field is the main goal of this research. In the theoretical framework of the research, the approach of liberalism and power and technology theorists (Nye and Toffler) have been used. The statistical population of the research includes all university professors and students of post-graduate courses in political science and communication sciences, experts and media experts across the country in 2019 and the sample size was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran's formula. This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using the survey method and researcher-made questionnaire tools, and descriptive statistics and factor analysis statistics were used to analyze the research findings. The findings of the research showed that new communication technologies, including five factors of web and mobile social networks, cyber journalism, virtual space, satellite networks and the Internet (search engines), in the emergence of global actors (transnational and international organizations, multinational companies, new governments and terrorist groups) are influential. But these influences are not the same and the biggest impact is attributed to the two factors of the Internet and virtual space.

The present article is dedicated to the metaphorical-comparative analysis of the causes and concept of political conflict from the perspective of the Islamic Republic Party and the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalq Organization. The questions of the article are: "First, what are the causes of conflict in human society in the discourse of the Republican Party and the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalg Organization, and secondly, what is the perception and understanding of the concept of conflict in these discourses?" A hypothesis has not been designed and tested to answer these questions. The research is of a qualitative type and by assuming the conceptual metaphor theory of Likaf and Johnson and the metaphor identification method, an attempt has been made to answer the questions by studying the texts and documents of the Islamic Republic Party and the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalg Organization.

In the discourse of the Islamic Republic Party and the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalg Organization, the conceptual fields of means, war, perfection, right, worship, duty, salvation, adaptation and survival of the righteous have been used to understand the conflict. Contrary to the discourse of the Islamic Republic Party, the discourse of the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalg was formed under the influence of the three intellectual fountains of the theory of evolution, Marxism and eclectic Islam, and based on that, the organization justified its violent and terrorist actions after the revolution to its supporters and members.

The authors have concluded that the Mojahedin (Monafegin) Khalg understands the causes and roots of the political conflict in the continuation of its understanding of the mechanism of evolution and considers it to originate from the internal contradictions of the society that divide the society into two camps of evolutionary and anti-evolutionary classes. This view has a significant distance from the discourse and intellectual fountain of the Islamic Republic Party, despite the similarity of conceptual concepts and metaphors.

Religiosity creates a kind of commitment, responsibility and national pride to the political system by creating religious capital in the society; therefore, political activities and the level of participation in it are strongly influenced by religious beliefs. The main goal of this research is to study the relationship between the level of religiosity and political participation in the I.R.Iran by Using a meta-analysis of researches for 2006-2021. The statistical population of the research was 42 research documents; that 26 documents, were selected in a purposeful way, after methodical control and screening; and, the final effect size of each research and the total final effect have been estimated in the meta-analysis software. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between religiosity and political participation; and the overall effect of religiosity on political participation is equal to 25 percent. Based on the findings of the research, the impact of religious components including belief dimension (0.241), ritual dimension (0.256), emotional dimension (0.167), consequence dimension (0.198), and experiential dimension (0.200) on political participation is positive and significant. The results of the research show that, religion makes a person give meaning to his life by creating a positive attitude towards the surrounding world. Having meaning and purpose in collective life is one of the signs of social health. And it increases the ability of a person in political affairs and governance.

Social capital is one of the concepts that is very effective for the improvement of the political system. Social capital facilitates the programs of the political system. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine social capital in Nahj al-Balaghah. The main question of the article is " What contents are there in Nahj al-Balagha that indicate the promotion of social capital?” To answer this question, first the central concept of social capital have been studied and then by referring to Nahj al-Balaghah, the contents that refer to social capital were extracted. The purpose of this article is to present a formulation of the contents related to social capital in the thought of Imam Ali (AS). Qualitative content analysis method is used in this article. The findings of the article show that the contents related to social capital, which refers to the concept of empathy between the people and the government, can be formulated into four categories of content related to companionship, compatibility, linking, and creating kindness.

Based on the views of Mohammad Baqir Sadr, this essay seeks to reconstruct the thought of Islamic resistance into four conceptual elements. Our study is in the category of qualitative research and relies on the "documentary method" for the data collection. "Thomas Spragens' method" is also used to analyze the data. Based on the four steps of this method, the researchers aim to describe three statuses:"present", "transitional" and "ideal". The main question is how to reconfigure the thought of Islamic resistance based on Sadr's views? There seems to be an important linkage between thought and Sadr's militant views. According to Sadr, due to the colonial domination and the degeneration of the Ummah, a growing gap has emerged between the current society and the ideal society. In such a situation, resistance should be considered as a strategic measure for the transition from the current situation to the desired situation. In conclusion, the final achievement of this research indicates that Sadr's ideas are rooted in the theory of "comprehensive resistance" and encompass all aspects of human life.

Many researchers believe that communication technologies in the new era have been able to influence many social, cultural and political phenomena. One of these communication technologies that has spread in the new era is social media. The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of social media on one of the types of democratic political culture, i.e.postmaterialist democracy, which was proposed by Ronald Inglehart. In this research, in order to test the hypotheses of the research, the seventh wave of global values survey data about Iran, which was collected from 1499 citizens, was used. In this regard, the findings of the research show that social media has not directly had a significant impact on postmaterialist democracy. But this type of media can indirectly and through the mediating variable of emancipation values increase citizens' tendency towards postmaterialist democracy. On the other hand, the results show that social media, through the mediating variable of secular values, has significantly reduced the tendency towards trans-materialist democracy in Iran, and the mediating variable of secular values has a negative role in the relationship It plays with social media and postmaterialist democracy Many researchers believe that communication technologies in the new era have been able to influence many social, cultural and political phenomena. One of these communication technologies that has spread in the new era is social media. The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of social media on one of the types of democratic political culture, i.e. transmaterialist democracy, which was proposed by Ronald Inglehart. In this research, in order to test the hypotheses of the research, the seventh wave of global values survey data about Iran, which was collected from 1499 citizens, was used. In this regard, the findings of the research show that social media has not directly had a significant impact on metamaterialist democracy. But this type of media can indirectly and through the mediating variable of emancipation values increase citizens' tendency towards metamaterialistic democracy. On the other hand, the results show that social media, through the mediating variable of secular values, has significantly reduced the tendency towards trans-materialist democracy in Iran, and the mediating variable of secular values has a negative role in the relationship It plays with social media and metamaterialist democracy.

The information revolution is an epoch-making event that has transformed social life in the past few decades. Considering the organic conection between social life and political situation, the modern state cannot be dismissed from the effects and consequences of such an epoch-making event. This paper tries to answer this question: What changes has the virtual space caused in the structure of the nation-state? Explaining such changes, while creating awareness about the structure and functions of the nation-state in the era of the information revolution, is of decisive importance in order to adopt the correct model of governance and effective policies in various political, social, economic and cultural fields. In this paper, the problem of the impact of virtual space on the structural transformation of the modern state, has been examination using the critical theory of technology. In this framework, it is explained that virtual space, while intensifying the process of globalization, has caused the establishment of network state, media state, virtual state and transnational state.

China's foreign policy, as one of the emerging powers of the international system, is affected by several factors. Different theoretical approaches have studied some decision-making components in China's foreign, but what has been neglected is the role of China's political identity in shaping the foreign policy of this country. China, by combining its identity values from the past to the present, tries to pursue a peaceful rise strategy in accordance with contemporary identity norms in the international system and not to reintroduce its power base as a disruptive player in the current situation. China's macro narrative of self and other was developed based on ancient and modern identity foundations. Therefore, the foundation of China's foreign policy is social identity and collective identity. China is trying to apply adaptability and flexibility to its international identity and system in its foreign policy behavior. China's macro narrative of self and other was developed based on ancient and modern identity foundations. Therefore, the foundation of China's foreign policy is social identity and collective identity. China is trying to apply its foreign policy based on adaptability and flexibility to the identity and international system. This article answers the question of what impact the identity components of China's foreign policy have had on its political behavior towards the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2000 to 2022? In response to this question, based on the descriptive-analytical method and using the holistic constructivist theory, it is hypothesized that changes in China's foreign policy identity towards Islamic Republic of Iran have led to its foreign policy being regulated based on peaceful economic development and playing a role as a peace-loving trade actor

Social Justice is one of the concepts that make up the political culture of Iranian society, and neglecting it can lead to a gap between the mentality of society, elites, and politicians regarding acceptable Iranian politics. Considering the role of the people in making sense of justice according to Walzer, in this research, an attempt was made to answer the question of whether it is possible to use the theory of complex equality to understand political justice from the perspective of Iranians. To answer it, the theory of confluence was used as a method of applying the theory (text) to society (context) and the attempt to answer the critical questions raised led to the redesign of the theory of complex equality under the title of justice-oriented politics. A justice-oriented politics with a focus on the Iranian Islamic society and the social good of political power is that political power has a common field with other social goods, understandings in the thought of a person do not have separate origins from each other, a complete understanding of social meaning-making is possible from political power. It is to create a connection between the text and the context, and also in a society, political power may have many social meanings.