Evaluation of the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and urea fertilizer on some physiological, phytochemical and antioxidant capacity of Nigella sativa L.

In recent years, the use biofertilizers as an alternative to some chemical fertilizers have been considered. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers increase the yield of agricultural products. Also, replacing part of chemical fertilizer with biological fertilizer can bring good economic benefits for farmers, including reducing soil pollution, increasing soil fertility, and improving plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Azotobacter, chemical, urea, combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer (50/50 and 30/70 ) and, Trichoderma fungi were arranged in the black seeds, so this experiment were randomized complete block design and three replications for each test in the field. all treatments of fertilizers increased shoot and root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, capsule number, seed number in capsule, 1000 seed weight, capsule number, antioxidant activity, and phytosterol. Bio-fertilize increased leaf protein content, leaf catalase enzyme activity, chl b content, and phytosterol combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer increased chl a content, Total chlorophyll, leaf and seed protein content. Trichoderma increased seed protein content. Bio-fertilize and combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer provide plant nutrition and increased growth. Biofertilizers in form of a combination of biological and chemical fertilizer reduced the excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers and the resulting pollution caused by it and will lead to better performance. According to the available results, combined fertilizer treatments and Trichoderma fungi had the greatest effect on the measured parameters.