Explaining the Defense-Security Challenges of Sea-Based Development at the Regional and International Scale of Makran Coasts from the Perspective of Political Geography

Nowadays, the most developed cities are formed alongside the coasts of the seas and oceans, and there is an interrelationships between the existence and survival of these cities and sea-based development, and there exist a geo-economics approach on the coasts. Therefore, the southeastern coast of Iran (Makran coasts) connects the country to the oceanic structure and promotes its geopolitical weight and geo-economics functions. In this study, the main question is as the following: What are the defense and security challenges of sea-based development on the Makran coast from the perspective of political geography on a regional and international scale? In this respect, the method of this study was a descriptive survey (using a questionnaire based on Likert scale). The analysis obtained from this study was performed using SPSS-23 statistical software at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The collected data in this paper represents some of the challenges (defense-security challenges at both regional and international scales) which are taken from the doctoral dissertation on the challenges of maritime development on Makran coasts from the perspective of political geography. The results show that the defense-security challenges on a regional scale with an average of 3.59 have a higher weight and average than the defense-security challenges on an international scale with an average of 3.50.