Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats

Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Lowering of serum lipid levels seems to be associated with a decrease in the risk of vascular disease and related complications. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats.

Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Control, diabetic, and diabetic rats treated with the Securigera extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The animals were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. Diabetic rats received the Securigera extract daily in drinking water from the day on which diabetes was confirmed for 4 weeks. The levels of serum glucose and lipids were spectrophotometrically measured in all groups at weeks 0 (before diabetes induction), 2, and 4.

The results showed that there was a significant increase in serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)‑cholesterol in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats, accompanied by a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL)‑cholesterol. Treatment of diabetic rats with S.securidaca seed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg over a 4‑week period significantly reduced the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL‑cholesterol and increased the level of HDL‑cholesterol, compared to diabetic untreated rats.

Securigera extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in streptozotocin‑diabetic rats during the 4‑week treatment period. This provides a valid scientific basis for using it in the treatment of diabetes in Iranian folk medicine.