Literary Polyphony in the Poems of Fereydoun Moshiri and Adib Kamaluddin in the Light of Bakhtin's Theory (Comparative Study)

The criticism of contemporary literature has taken a big step to change the one-sided view of the events of the text and to implement the method of external dialogue in its context in order to recognizing various views and awareness. According to Bakhtin's view, polyphony is based on the multiplicity of interconnected and various sounds and languages in the structure of dialogue and its composition. The contemporary Arabic poetry is known for its narrative action between the thoughts of the characters and the exchange of common and different voices in order to explore literary polyphony, especially in the poems of Fereydoun Moshiri and Adib Kamaluddin allow them to express their concerns, desires and pains in various ways. This descriptive-analytical method seeks to address the most remarkable literary polyphonic techniques of two poets based on the American school of comparative literature. The summary of the results shows that the two poets, in addition to adopting to the traditional method of voice narration, resort to polyphonic types such as hybridization in order to developing the social views of languages in the light of ambiguity and ambiguity in their function, as well as stylistic style. In order to achieving the structural unity between the sounds, despite the difference in the type of dealing with another sound. The two poets use pure dialogue when engaging in controversy between characters or exchanging questions and answers on a particular subject, and at the end use a variety of ideologies to show how the characters deal with fundamental known values and ideas in the form of an ideology of surrender or defiance.