Typological Comparison of Relative Structures in Azerbaijani Turkish, Korean, Hungarian and Persian

The purpose of this research is to answer this question: what are the similar and different typological features of Azerbaijani Turkish, Korean, Hungarian and Persian languages? In our analysis, we have used Chomsky`s Generative-Transformational Grammar and Government and Binding theory. We have studied the movement of the subject and object nominal phrases and the concept of the empty position. The results of the research show that the similarities between the relative structures of these languages are the existence of movement for the transformation of the deep-structure into the relative clause, also the formation of a chain between the head noun and the empty position in the clause. And the differences in the relative structures of these languages are; the relative clauses of Azerbaijani Turkish, Korean, and Hungarian are pre-nominal while in Persian it is post-nominal. Also, the movement of the head noun in the Azerbaijani Turkish, Korean, and Hungarian is to the right and the end of the sentence, but in Persian is to the left and the beginning of the sentence. Another significant difference is the transformation of the verb of the subordinate sentence to the participle in the Ural-Altaic languages while Persian relative clause is a finite one