A survey of satire techniques and patterns in Mohammad Ali Afrashteh's poetry

Mohammad Ali Afrashteh is one of the most distinguished satirical poets in contemporary Persian poetry that has been neglected in literary research in spite of his fame. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to show the effects of political and social concepts in the poet's satire and focuses on the rhetorical and linguistic techniques in satirical poems. At first, the famous satire theories are considered to classify his satirical techniques according to the poetic evidence in linguistic and rhetorical techniques. Then, these categories are assigned as subjects like parody, rhetorical elements, and techniques such as ironical expressions, linguistic functions, comic titles, and so on. The results show that Afrashteh has used both common and stylish satire techniques to improve the literary form of satire and influence the audience. Without noticing the security considerations in the second Pahlavi era, he has used the language of ordinary people to criticize the social and political issues explicitly.