Thoughts and reactions of Ahmad Makhdoom Danesh In contrast to the political, religious and scientific traditions of Bukhara

The modernists and enlighteners of the Bukhara Emirate, in response to the political, social, economic and cultural backwardness of the Emirate and the subsequent domination of Tsarist Russia over the Central Asian region, which led to familiarity with Russian and European modernity and culture, called for reforms in various fields. Including literature and the education system. This thinking led to the formation of a movement called the "Maarifparvari Movement" led by Ahmad Makhdoom Danesh (1243-1314 AH / 1828-1897 AD). Ahmad Danesh attributes the backwardness of his society to the two ruling forces in Bukhara; The masters considered politics and religion and called for political, educational, literary and cultural reforms in the traditional Bukhara society. In this study, the author intends to answer the question by looking at the activities of Ahmad Danesh, what actions did Danesh take with the aim of reforming Bukhara, and what achievements and reactions did these actions lead to? The results of the research indicate that he criticized the tyranny of the rulers and the ignorance and backwardness of the conservative clerics and tried to understand and popularize literary and written works and return to the original national and historical traditions in cultural affairs. He sought to reform society and called for a change in the view of the role of government, people and religion in Bukhara society; In response to Ahmad Danesh's activities, Bukhara's conservative scholars accused him of blasphemy and heresy.