The Effect of Errorless and Error full training programs on Learning of Aiming task in Adolescents

One of the main concerns of motor learning professionals is how to plan skills training sessions to optimize the amount of learning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether errorless training is effective in learning the Aiming skill in adolescents.

The present study was semi-experimental with four experimental groups. 40 adolescents with an average age of 12 years (range from 11 to 13 years old) were randomly assigned to four training groups. The task was to throw basketball balls into concentric goals. The subjects performed 200 exercise attempts at the acquisition stage in five exercise blocks. Single task and dual task tests were implemented immediately, 24-hour latency and one week's delay.

The results of the study showed that the groups with the least error and the least involvement in work memory during the exercise were better in acquisition stage, the single task test and in dual task test compared to other groups.

The findings of this study are consistent with the Adam's closed loop theory, the reinvestment theory, and somewhat consistent with the estimates of the challenge point framework regarding the error in the acquisition stage, but these findings are somewhat contradictory with the estimates of the schema theory.