Designing a Rangeland Common Resources Governance System in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Common resources such as rangelands have extensive economic and social functions that are very effective in the economic and social development of countries. But what shapes the extent and manner of progress based on these resources is the governance mechanisms that determine the rules and rights of each actor. Rangelands, while having ecological functions such as water and soil conservation and breeding of plant and animal species, cause the formation of economic values and various businesses in the fields of animal husbandry, reforestation and extraction of medicinal plants. The management of these natural resources and resources, which has been at the disposal of local rural and nomadic communities for many years, has faced institutional changes in the last century and after the implementation of the "Law on Nationalization of Forests and Rangelands", it has been handed over to the government. Politics has caused many problems and consequences that continue today. This article tries to design an optimal system of governance of common resources using the framework of institutional analysis. To achieve this goal in the framework of the qualitative approach, the semi-structured interview method and analysis of relevant documents and policies have been used using the "content analysis" technique. Finally, while presenting the desired model in the system of joint resource governance, the main solution to solve the problems of this sector through the amendment of the law of natural resources and related structures by assigning property rights to the people with the priority of local exploiters has been introduced.