نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 28، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Common resources such as rangelands have extensive economic and social functions that are very effective in the economic and social development of countries. But what shapes the extent and manner of progress based on these resources is the governance mechanisms that determine the rules and rights of each actor. Rangelands, while having ecological functions such as water and soil conservation and breeding of plant and animal species, cause the formation of economic values and various businesses in the fields of animal husbandry, reforestation and extraction of medicinal plants. The management of these natural resources and resources, which has been at the disposal of local rural and nomadic communities for many years, has faced institutional changes in the last century and after the implementation of the "Law on Nationalization of Forests and Rangelands", it has been handed over to the government. Politics has caused many problems and consequences that continue today. This article tries to design an optimal system of governance of common resources using the framework of institutional analysis. To achieve this goal in the framework of the qualitative approach, the semi-structured interview method and analysis of relevant documents and policies have been used using the "content analysis" technique. Finally, while presenting the desired model in the system of joint resource governance, the main solution to solve the problems of this sector through the amendment of the law of natural resources and related structures by assigning property rights to the people with the priority of local exploiters has been introduced.

Every knowledge has fundamentals and basic concepts that are rooted in its ontological and anthropological perspectives. The same is true in human behavior. Behavioral scientists have used experimental methods to study human behavior and comment on these principles. Muslim philosophers have also considered the fundamental concepts of the behavior in the study of human psychological processes under the title of Elm-Alnafs (Islamic psychology). The purpose of this article is to compare these two perspectives. Hhis study is a fundamental research with the comparetive approach that uses the content analysis strategy to analyze data . For this comparison, first the fundamentals of individual behavior including motivation, perception, individual abilities and personality, were obtained by reviewing the resources of behaviorism; In contrast, in order to extract individual behavioral fundamentals from Elm-Alnafs, the works of contemporary philosopher Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, who have dealt with this issue from a rational and narrative point of view, were analyzed. The results showed that the three main factors of individual fundamentals in the Elm-Alnafs approach are orientation (desire), knowledge, ability and personality. Than, the two views were compared to make the similarities and differences clearer. Comparison showed that despite the general convergences and similarities between these two perspectives, the principles of behavior in these two perspectives are fundamentally different. At the end, the framework of behavior formation from the perspective of philosophical psychology was presented.

The main purpose of this study is to design and explain the model of deterrent management of abnormal job behaviors. This research was conducted as combined research in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. The study population was in the qualitative stage of railway industry elites and academic elites and the statistical population is considered to be the quantitative stage of research of employees of companies operating in Iran's rail industry. Morgan's table was considered about 152 people (150 questionnaires were collected). The results based on the analysis of two rounds of Delphi showed that 16 components were approved based on the opinion of experts. In general, Smart-PLS2 software was used to analyze the observations. The results showed that the effect of inappropriate selection and employment, group cohesion, moral intelligence, leadership skills, social capital, and social and governmental education on abnormal job behavior is significant and the highest effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable on the effect of group cohesion on Abnormal job behavior is 0.239. Also, all moderation relationships defined in the study were confirmed. Also, after measuring and testing the research models, the results indicate the approval of the model, in other words, the proposed dimensions, components, and indicators are approved.

Today, human resources are considered as the most important asset in order to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. Employees' behavior and attitude toward work is an important factor in achieving the goals of the organization. The main purpose is the typology of toxic employees in governmental organizations in Gilan province. The research method in this study is qualitative and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population included managers and specialists in the field of human resources of government organizations in Gilan province, that 15 people were selected using purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, by performing content analysis with inductive approach, the characteristics of toxic employees were classified in to 10 categories. Then typological analysis was applied on the obtained classes. The typological construction in this study was based on an operational strategy and finally, based on two dimensions of toxicity (low/ high) and consequences of toxic behaviors (individual/ organizational), four types of toxic employees named A,B,C and D were identified in governmental organizations of Gilan province. The findings of this study showed that personal, family, organizational and environmental contexts play a role in the formation of toxic employees and the presence of toxic employees in governmental organizations leads to consequences for employees and the organization. Also, the methods of exposure and treatment of toxic employees were divided into two categories of prevention and treatment. We came to the definition that toxic employees are individuals who, for personal, family, organizational, and environmental reasons, engage in intentional and contagious behaviors that are contrary to the values and norms of the organization and cause harm to the organization, its Employees and assets.

One of the most important problems of the policy-making process, especially the cultural policy-making process in our country, is the incorrect process of problem identification. The country's cinema policy-making system is not free from this major damage, and therefore in this study, an attempt is made to examine the issues facing Iranian cinema in the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution, which must be addressed in the "cinema policy-making" process. In this research, first, the existing global researches in the field of cinema policy have been reviewed and an attempt has been made to extract world cinema policy issues from the perspective of these sources. Then, using the Grounded theory method the data obtained from some experts in the field of Iranian cinema policy-making are analyzed and based on this, a paradigm model of Iranian cinema policy issues in the fifth decade of the revolution is designed. At the end of the article, a comparison is made between the system of policy issues of Iranian cinema and world cinema.

The effects and consequences of business marketing to persuade consumers to buy goods and services do not limit to the business and commerce. The Non-business impacts of marketing, especially in the field of culture, are undeniable. One of the most important cultural aspects that have been endangered by marketing activities is the Persian language. Numerous Iranian products are advertised in the TV that theirs names are derived from Latin words. This research has been done in two steps. In first step we describe the general status of the brand names of products advertised in the TV of Iran. For this purpose, a sample of 234 brands from six product groups was selected. The study showed that more than 20% of the sample used foreign words to name their products. Finally, in this step, we list some issues to be noticed in the naming of Iranian commercial products that is including the use of English words, the use of Arabic words, the use of unknown Persian words, the use of human names, the use of place names, the use of religious names, the use of sounds and sounds, etc. in the second step, the elite sample including 20 people in the field of business management and 22 people in the field of Persian language answer a questionnaire that is made from first step. Finally, a summary of the views of the elites on the dimensions of legislation to support the Persian language in the commercial registration of Iranian products names was presented.

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework for the factors of adhesion in relationships within business networks and also explanation of the role of these factors in the stages of formation of a relationship within the network. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and library-based in terms of method. First, the concept of adhesion has been studied and compared from 5 knowledge approaches, which are: Islamic approach, economical approach, psychological approach, sociological approach and basic science approach; The approach used in this study is then described. The method used in the research was a systematic review that 55 articles related to relationships within business networks from 1971 to 2021 were extracted in scientific databases. After conducting the filtering process and using the manual coding method, these 55 articles have been coded as a full text study. Factors affecting the adhesion of relationships within the network were divided into 12 general categories, which are placed in three layers with the names of structural adhesion, perceptual adhesion and specific adhesion. Among the identified factors, the number of in-going and out-going relationships has the highest frequency and the layer related to structural adhesion is the most frequent layer. In the next step, the life cycle of a relationship in the context of the business network is plotted and the priority of three layers of adhesion is defined for them. The results show the greatest effect of structural adhesion in all stages of the life cycle.

One of the leading challenges in the field of contemporary Iranian cultural policy is that a subject or cultural event, rather than passing through the lens of a precise pattern and becoming a cultural issue, transcends the line of personal ideas, thoughts, perceptions, and personal interests. It passes and takes the form of a cultural issue. In order to be able to identify issues in the country's cultural environment, it is necessary to understand what concepts and languages there are in the country's official discourse that shape society's cultural policies. It is also necessary to understand and understand the various trends and methods of problematics in order to achieve consistent and unified policies and programs.In this research, with a qualitative approach and using multiple case study strategy, three major urban cultural organizations of the country have been studied to extract and compare their problematic patterns. Based on the findings of this study, the identified policy line for cultural issues of Tehran Municipality Cultural Organization is: "Top-Axial and Integrated Policy" with the priorities of "Religious-Defense Culture" and the rule of model and "all-subject" pattern. For Isfahan, the policy is "elite-oriented and integrated" with the priorities of "citizenship culture" and the rule of the conceptual model of "multi-subject" management, and for Mashhad is: "people-centered and integrated" policy with the priorities of "popular-revolutionary culture". And the dominance of the "multi-subject" social attachment model.

One of the main gaps in the development of domestic production in Iran is the lack of an appropriate evaluation model for measuring domestic production and its use for various protectionist policies in laws and contracts. In the absence of this model, it is not clear on what basis the domestic product is defined and what criteria it contains. The purpose of this study is to identify a model according to which the amount of domestic production of products, which is called the depth of domestic content, can be evaluated. For this purpose, effective criteria for measuring the depth of domestic production were identified by reviewing the literature and experiences of other countries. These criteria were examined specifically in the automotive industry, and an initial model of the criteria for assessing the depth of domestic content in the automotive industry was obtained. This initial model was then put to the opinion of experts using the capabilities of the Fuzzy AHP method to give weight to these criteria and determine the rank of each of them. The final criteria include three criteria, which are the priority of "technology", "parts and raw materials" and "internal participation", respectively.

International joint venture is one of the cooperation methods between firms which facilitate the formation of strategic alliance without a loss of corporate identity. Despite the high potential capacity of this method, a large number of joint ventures are unsuccessful and often fail in the implementation phase (Elmuti & Kathawala, 2001). The present study seeks to provide a model for key factors in successful implementation of international joint ventures, in order to help executives in the operation phase of their nominated strategy. To this end, firstly, we discuss the concept of international joint venture, strategic alliance and implementation of the strategy. Then, using qualitative research design and based on the experts' view, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with executives of automobile companies with a history of joint venture which were selected based on a theoretical sampling method. To analyze the collected data, MAXQDA software was employed. In conclusion, 8 main categories, 30 generic categories and 115 sub-categories out of 643 open codes were grouped, categorized and abstracted from the interviews. The key factors including: International joint venture strategy, joint venture requirements, corporate governance issues, establishing joint company, operation management, evaluation and feedback, continuation and environmental factors shape the conceptual model of this research.

Given the shift in strategy and less efficiency, traditional approaches to strategy require organizations to adopt a new approach to their strategies, in which open strategy plays an important role and can help organizations increase efficiency, improve organizational capabilities and competitive position and help develop personal capabilities. This strategy promotes a modern form of strategy development with the aim of increasing transparency and participation and the use of information technology tools. Given that a comprehensive model of implementation of this strategy helps organizations to achieve this goal, our goal in this research is to provide an open strategy model that expresses all aspects of this strategy in banking industry and it also provides a comprehensive and clear model. In this research, the grounded theory has been used for theorizing and the framework of Strauss and Corbyn's fundamental theory model has been used to design the model. The participants in this study are experts in the field of strategy development, implementation and evaluation in the university and the banking industry, whose number was 11 and were selected by purposeful judgment. By analyzing the data, 193 initial codes, 49 concepts and 19 categories were extracted, which ultimately determined the causal conditions (organizational nature, strategic orientation, organizational thinking and environmental nature), contextual conditions (individual, cultural, Technological and Structural readiness), Interventional Conditions (Challenge of Transparency, Participation and Technology), Axial category(Open Strategy), Strategies(Technological, Communication, Structural and Control) and Consequences(Behavioral, Organizational and Environmental), the open strategy model was presented.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic regret on organizational performance with the mediating role of managers' experience in Parsa Polymer Sharif Company. The present research is descriptive-survey method. The present study is comparative in terms of examining variables; In this type of research, the relationship between variables is analyzed based on the purpose of the research. The statistical population of this research is all managers and employees of Parsa Polymer Sharif Knowledge-Based Company. According to the statistics, 100 people are employed in this company. Due to the small size of the statistical population, sampling was refused and all 100 people were selected as the sample. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data and information. In the present study, the standard questionnaires of Abso et al. (2020) and Shalini and Gary (2020) with 15 questions were used to measure the independent variables of the research. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The data analysis method is also at least partial squares. The result of testing the main hypothesis of the research showed that strategic remorse has a significant and negative effect on organizational performance with the mediating role of managers' experience in Parsa Polymer Sharif Company. Strategic regret has a significant and negative effect on the experience of managers in Parsa Polymer Sharif Company. The experience of managers has a significant and positive effect on organizational performance in Parsa Polymer Sharif Company. Strategic remorse for organizational performance in Parsa Polymer Sharif Company has significant and negative.