Comparative Study of Fundamentals of individual behavior from Behaviorism point of view and philosophical psychology

Every knowledge has fundamentals and basic concepts that are rooted in its ontological and anthropological perspectives. The same is true in human behavior. Behavioral scientists have used experimental methods to study human behavior and comment on these principles. Muslim philosophers have also considered the fundamental concepts of the behavior in the study of human psychological processes under the title of Elm-Alnafs (Islamic psychology). The purpose of this article is to compare these two perspectives. Hhis study is a fundamental research with the comparetive approach that uses the content analysis strategy to analyze data . For this comparison, first the fundamentals of individual behavior including motivation, perception, individual abilities and personality, were obtained by reviewing the resources of behaviorism; In contrast, in order to extract individual behavioral fundamentals from Elm-Alnafs, the works of contemporary philosopher Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, who have dealt with this issue from a rational and narrative point of view, were analyzed. The results showed that the three main factors of individual fundamentals in the Elm-Alnafs approach are orientation (desire), knowledge, ability and personality. Than, the two views were compared to make the similarities and differences clearer. Comparison showed that despite the general convergences and similarities between these two perspectives, the principles of behavior in these two perspectives are fundamentally different. At the end, the framework of behavior formation from the perspective of philosophical psychology was presented.