Comparative analysis of proteome in herbicides susceptible and resistant winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) biotypes using iTRAQ technique

Winter wild oat is one of the most problematic weeds in many crops, especially wheat; however, the widespread and continuous application of herbicides has led to its resistance to herbicides in different parts of the country. This study was conducted to compare the proteome between susceptible and resistant biotypes of wild oats to ACCase and ALS inhibitors using Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) and the iTRAQ techniques. The results of this study in terms of comparing the differential proteins identified 138 Proteins with Differential Expression (DEPs) in resistant biotypes and 93 DEPs in susceptible biotypes. Also, based on the results of Gene Ontology analysis (GO), proteins with differential expression under herbicide treatments in susceptible and resistant biotypes were classified in three main categories including molecular functions (MF), biological processes (BP) and cellular components (CC). Analysis of differential protein enrichment pathways using KEGG showed that the richest pathways included metabolic pathways, carbohydrate metabolism, and secondary metabolites. Among the proteins responsible for the defense response, superoxide dismutase (Q0DRV6) and among the proteins responsible for herbicide detoxification, cytochrome P450 (Q6YSB4) had up-regulation in resistant biotype. The major proteins involved in photosynthesis including petA, psaA, large RuBisCo subunit (rbcL), chlorophyll a and b and cytochrome b6 (petB) in the resistant biotype had down-regulated, while in the susceptible biotype, psaB, psaA, psbD, psbB and petB proteins had up-regulated. In addition, a salinity-related protein, such as Q6K4S7 protein, was up-regulated in resistant biotypes, and it appears that these proteins may play a role in herbicide resistance.