Theorizing the foundations of the theory of resistance economy, as the economic theory of the Islamic Revolution based on the theory of technological catch up (Multi-case study: South Korea, China and Iran)

At present, the resistance economy has become a dominant paradigm in Iranian politics, but the lack of theorizing about it, is a serious weakness that illustrates the neglect of academics in this regard. Such neglect can have adverse consequences in the outflow from source-based economics and moving towards a knowledge-based economics and ineffective policy making in science, technology and innovation in Iran. The aim of this research is to theorize the basics of resistance economy based on the theory of technological catch up. For this purpose, the meta-synthesis method and experimental evidence have been used in three countries of South Korea, China and Iran. Research findings show that the pillars of "endogenous" and "extraversion" in the resilience economy are consistent with the pillars of "indigenous efforts to develop technology" and "international technology transfer" in the technological catch up. There are also four characteristics of "Identifying and Using the Scientific, Technical and Economic Capacities", "Organizing the National System of Innovation," "Comprehensive Support for Export of Goods and Services," and "Diplomacy and Technology Transfer" in Resistance economy, with four characteristics of "Absorption Capacity And endogenous technological capabilities", "National and Sectoral Innovation Systems", "Export-based growth" and "Learning and technology transferring from overseas resources" are in line with technological catch up. In this study, the findings are accurately confirmed by practical case studies and the provision of empirical evidence. Finally, in policy making, in addition to "indigenous efforts to develop technology" and "international technology transfer", the emphasis is on increasing the contribution of indigenous efforts.