The gradual evolution of Shiite beliefs from Kleberg's point of view

Ethan Kleberg is one of the contemporary Orientalists who believes that the theory of the Twelver Imams was made by the Shiites during and after the Absence, and that such a thing had not been discussed before. The book is Shiite, based on the hypothesis of the gradual evolution of the Shiite religion. It is taken and completed and is different from the beliefs of the early Shiites. Shiite theologians strongly oppose this view and it seems (the unavailability of Shiite religious works in the second century) Knowledge of authentic hadiths from weak) and the existence of some false foundations have led to the formation of this view. Belief in the historical evolution of Shiite beliefs can also be seen in Kahlberg's interpretations of the formation of exaggeration. They are attributed to the Shiites. From the very beginning, the grains discussed the divinity of the Imams or their prophethood, and this has nothing to do with Shiite beliefs such as infallibility, the knowledge of the unseen, and Mahdism. Therefore, the source of exaggeration is not Shiite beliefs. If the grains were really Shiite, they should have obeyed the many prohibitions of the Imams about exaggeration and stopped exaggerating.Kleberg portrays the differences between the two schools of rationalism (fundamentalists) and Shiite narrators (Akhbaris) in a way that confirms the evolution of the Shiites. However, despite acknowledging the existence of two different schools of thought in the Shi'a, this does not necessarily mean the evolutionary acceptance of the Shi'a religion.