Effect of lentil seed priming as hydropriming, biopriming and with resistance inducing materials in management of Fusarium wilt disease under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions

Lentil wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis is one of the most important diseases of this plant in dryland areas of the country. In this study, the effect of lentil seed priming with different concentrations of resistance inducing materials, biopriming (with bacterial antagonist Bacillus methylotrophicus), hydropriming and application of fungicide Rovral TS were evaluated for enhance resistance in plants and reduction in disease severity under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxalic acid 2 and 4 mM, fungicide and the bacterium inhibited the mycelial growth ofpathogen. Most of the treatments increased seed germination and rootlet length significantly. Treatments of Bacillus, hydropriming, silicon 2, silicon nanoparticles 4, methyl salicylate 0.2 and 0.4 and salicylic acid 0.5 mM increased the wet and dry weight of rootlet and plumule significantly. In the greenhouse conditions, all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the disease severity in the plants compared with the control and the best result was achieved using Rovral TS, antagonist, methyl salicylate 0.1 and salicylic acid 0.25 mM, respectively. In the field conditions, the hormones were applied individually or in combination with the antagonistic bacterium. The least percentage of mortality obtained through silicon nanoparticles 1 mM in the individual application, while silicon along with silicon nanoparticles both in 2 and 4 mM were the best in combination form. This study showed that the application of antagonistic bacterium and hormones in combination with eachother or individually is an effective way to decrease disease severity in lentil.