Investigating the factors of effective sociological knowledge in modern natural sciences

The positivist approach in the new natural sciences believes that the natural sciences method is unique. This approach has been widely accepted in recent centuries, with the advancement of the natural sciences due to this approach being considered. Such a view was challenged in the second half of the twentieth century, and some philosophers of science, as well as social scientists, sought to demonstrate the role of structures and non-experimental factors in modern natural sciences by presenting the role of presuppositions; As it is today, the traditional image of science has lost its validity as a purely empirical matter. Using the efforts of some philosophers and sociologists of knowledge, as well as the evidence in the field of scientific research, the present article tries to extract and study some sociological factors of the new natural sciences in the form of social, political and cultural factors; Factors that the absence of some of them in the scientific space of recent centuries could have created a different direction in the direction of the natural sciences.