Majd-al-Ateba and the publication of "Etehad Melli" and "Eghbal" newspapers in Tabriz

Some individuals from various professions and mindsets, especially in Tabriz-Iran, had published many newspapers after issuing the order of forming the National Assembly in the period of the Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar in 1285 A.H. These newspapers, although some ended their activities with a limited number of volumes for various reasons, had significant impacts on motivating the people to form the constitutional revolution. Some of these newspapers, their managers, and founders have remained unknown until the present. Majd-al-Ateba, whose first name is still unknown, is one of these managers/founders who was the director of “Etehad Melli” and “Eghbal" newspapers in Tabriz. We first aim to investigate the rare journal called Eghbal published in Tabriz in more detail. Then, the main purpose of this study is to identify some famous individuals with the title called Majd-al-Ateba who was one of the possible options for the director of these newspapers, in Tabriz, Iran, in the period of the Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar.

The research method is based on the documentary and collection of information by the library method. The authors carried this study out on the two mentioned newspapers called Etehad Melli and Eghbal.

Due to the lack of independent research, 14 people’s nicknames, known as Majd-al-Ateba in the Qajar period, have been identified and briefly introduced in this study.

From the beginning to the end of the article, the principle of honesty and trustworthiness has been observed.

This study concludes that the manager of Eghbal, called Majd-al-Ateba, decided to change the name of this newspaper from Etehad Melli (volumes 1 and 2) at the end of the period of Mozaffar al-Din Shah to Eqhbal (volumes 3 and 4) at the first week of the period of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar due to some unclear reasons. We also find out that Majd-al-Ateba, as a medicine, had also translated some articles (from unknown resources) and left them in the newspaper in a medicine part of Eghbal called Hefz-Alsehe. This research provides more information about one of the possible options called Mirza Habib Allah Majd-al-Ateba (one of the famous Physicians in the Qajar period).