Causes and Process of Establishing a Special Intelligence Office during the Reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

The establishment of intelligence and security institutions in the Pahlavi period was one of the most important tools for exercising power. Mohammad Reza Shah, following the example of the American intelligence agencies (CIA) and Britain (MI6), sought to be informed of the internal developments in the country in the shortest possible time, and to this end, he created several organizations. One of these institutions was the Special Information Office, which was established in 1338. It was formed under the supervision of General Hossein Fardoust. The present article, with a descriptive and historical method and relying on library documents and sources and memoirs, seeks to answer the question of what caused the formation of the Special Information Office during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The findings show that the accelerating pace of domestic developments, the expansion of the bureaucracy, the rise of corruption and bribery among government officials, the need to identify and suppress opponents of the Pahlavi government, and international criticism of the situation in Iran prompted the Shah to Removing barriers to monarchy, exercising all-out authority in the country, reducing public dissatisfaction with government corruption, detecting and suppressing opposition and troublesome forces, along with SAVAK, the Inspectorate and other large intelligence-security institutions, the Special Intelligence Office To monitor the entire information and security system of the country.