A comparative study of Hajj in the Fatimid rule of Morocco and Egypt

The view and practice of the Fatimids in the Maghreb (297-362 AH) and Egypt (632-567 AH) were different in different ways. This study seeks to answer the question of what were the differences between the Fatimids in the Maghreb and Egypt periods regarding the rituals related to Hajj and the two holy shrines and why there were differences. The findings of this study show that Hajj was the common point of the Islamic Ummah and the two holy shrines as areas of respect for all Muslims, but this was for the Fatimids of the Maghreb as a local government far from the center of the Islamic world and the Fatimids of Egypt as a caliphate / empire. The Abbasid rival was not on the same footing. The Fatimids of the Maghreb had social problems and conflicts with the Umayyads of Andalusia, and Hajj and the two holy shrines were not a priority for this government; The geographical distance from the center of the Islamic world also intensified it. On the other hand, the Fatimids of Egypt, due to their establishment in the center of the Islamic world and their rivalry with the Abbasids, sought political domination over the Hajj and the two holy shrines and the holding of related social rituals. The global perspective and the resulting strategic measures were also effective in addressing this issue. On the other hand, the necessity of demarcating the border with Qaramah and approaching the public opinion of the Islamic Ummah, especially the Sunnis.