Analysis of the bird symbol in Ilkhanid coins from the perspective of religion discourse based on the model of Ervin Panofsky

Among the issues that need to be further studied in identifying the philosophy of existence of various bird motifs on Ilkhanid coins, is the study of religious, political and cultural foundations of patriarchs in different periods of their rule and its direct impact on coins. The aim of the present study is to examine the bird symbol from the perspective of numismatics, considering the frequent changes and changes in the discourse of religion, and to answer the question of whether the Ilkhanid government pursued a specific religious policy and whether Were religious issues tolerant or did they cause more religious turmoil? The present article takes a different approach to the conventional methods of numismatics, interactions and competitions between different religions common during Ilkhani has been studied and analyzed in the form of various bird motifs. This research is based on the purpose of "fundamental-theoretical" and in terms of method of "content analysis" and based on the views of "Ervin Panofsky", an iconographic reading of the bird motifs of Ilkhanid coins. The method of collecting information is library. Results This study shows that during the rule of Yasa, the motifs of birds on coins were multiplied with martyrdom and in the Islamic era, religious tendencies were more strongly reflected in the form of Islamic rituals, verses and names of Rashidun caliphs along with bird motifs. All of this can be attributed to the religious tolerance of the Mongols, their expediency, or their confusion and apolitics in the field of religion.