Mystical characteristics of monotheistic attributes in explaining the relationship between essence and divine attributes based onfirst sermon of Nahj al-balaghah

One of the significant issues in theoretical monotheism is expressing the relationship between accurate positive attributes and the divine essence. In this regard, there are three main views: the abundance of attributes on the essence (Ash'arite approach), the representation of the divine essence of attributes (Mu'tazilite approach), and the objectivity of attributes with the divine essence (Imamiyya and philosophers' approach). In the first sermon of Nahj al-Balaghah, Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) considers the perfection of sincerity as the denial of attributes from the divine essence. Numerous interpretations have been made to explain this narration. The present article uses a descriptive-analytic method to analyze the views of Muslim mystics and study the relationship between divine names, attributes, and essence based on the first sermon of Nahj al-Balaghah. Based on the research findings, it was revealed that mystics in the field of ontology believe that there is no adjective and determination in the first stage, that is, the essence of the unseen, and in the second stage, manifestations and appointments appear. The first stage is the same as the denial of attributes, and the second stage is when the divine names and attributes are manifested and determined. This level is the objectivity of the divine essence with the divine names and attributes. Mystics consider the divine names to be existential and truthful, so the view of those who believe in rational validity or negative meanings for the names is rejected by them.