A Review on Characterization, Optimization and Applications of Animal Glue

Animal glue is one of the natural materials that is composed of proteins of mammals, fish is used in historical and culturalIn history and culture, animal glue is one of the natural materials composed of proteins from animals and fish. It has been used as sizing material and additives in various compositions, coatings in wood, fasteners in paintings, and inks. Due to the thousands of years using animal adhesives, some principles for making have been established over time. Still, after the industrial revolution and the development of polymer adhesives, the proper preparation of this adhesive is gradually (non-industrial production) being forgotten. The purpose of this study is to get acquainted with the structure of animal glue, the effective factors in optimizing animal glue, the introduction of various additives to improve animal glue, and how to identify it in historical and cultural artifacts. According to the results, the main structure of animal adhesives is collagen protein, which consists of amino acid sequences such as glycine and proline. The pH, temperature, and molecular weight should be considered in optimizing animal adhesives. Additives such as glycerin, white alum, and honey can improve the properties of animal adhesives, including adhesion strength and flexibility. Finally, mass spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses are used to identify and distinguish the type of Animal glue.