Predicting Abstinence Self-Efficacy among Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Therapy based on Psychological Capital, Sleep Disturbance, and Coping Strategies

Drug avoidance self-efficacy is an essential factor in substance abuse treatment and relapse prevention. The aim of this study was to predict the self-efficacy of drug avoidance among people with addiction undergoing treatment with methadone based on psychological capital, sleep disorders, and coping strategies.

The research method was among the correlation schemes. The statistical population of the study included all people with addiction who were being treated with methadone in addiction treatment centers of Shiraz in 2019. As many as 175 addicts were selected by the available sampling method for the study. The research measuring instruments included the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Questionnaire on Automated Material Avoidance, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and the Short Form of Stressful List. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software at both descriptive and inferential levels, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis tests were used to test the research hypotheses.

The components of psychological capital, the component of hope, optimism, and the component of flexibility could positively and significantly predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse (P<0.01). In addition, sleep disturbances could negatively and significantly predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse (P<0.001). Concerning coping strategies, the problem-oriented strategy could predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse prevention positively and significantly. However, emotion-oriented strategy and avoidance strategy negatively and significantly could predict drug self-efficacy prediction (P<0.01).

Psychological capital and problem-focused strategy were positively, and sleep disorder, emotional and avoidant strategy were negatively associated with the score of abstinence self-efficacy.