Climate change and its effects on microbial diversity in extreme environments and infectious diseases outbreak

Climate change is one of the most important issues that has attracted a great deal of attention and caused many environmental problems for health systems and global economy. Studies have shown that during climate change, microorganisms can change and cause many problems including the recurrence and spread of infectious diseases, emerging diseases (COVID-19 pandemic), and antibiotic resistance. Besides, it will lead to famine, drought, floods, and global warming that threatens the lives of many people. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, especially the use of less fossil fuels in industry, can be a preventative way. Therefore, it is significant to have plans to deal with climate change consequences in the environment. In this article, 71 articles from 1992 to 2020 were reviewed by mentioned keywords. Some specific extreme environments that are rich in valuable secondary metabolites and microorganisms but are fragile to climate change and also their microorganism’s diversity and population which have been changed during climate change were reviewed.