New Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Drug delivery to the brain through the blood-brain barrier continues to be a major challenge in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Despite the increasing incidence of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's, effective drug delivery in appropriate amounts to the central nervous system is still problematic. Therefore, it is important to study drugs and drug delivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier and effectively treat diseases of the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier is a special barrier to protect the central nervous system. Theoretically, the blood-brain barrier can remove more than 98% of small molecule drugs and almost 100% of large molecule drugs, and regulate nervous system homeostasis by closely controlling the blood-brain pathways of these molecules. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the structural features of the blood-brain barrier and the mode of intercellular transmission, as well as the selection of appropriate drugs and drug delivery systems for the targeted and systematic treatment of central nervous system diseases. In the present review study, new drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurological diseases have been investigated. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and the most important nanoparticle carrier structures including biopolymer nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles have also been reviewed.