Risk Management Model Based on Fuzzy FMEA in Construction Projects

Nowadays, there is risk in all aspects of life and construction projects are not excluded of this rule. Existence of risks and uncertainties in different stages of work is the main reason for the project's failure to achieve its predetermined goals. Project risk management is the science of identifying, analyzing, and responding to risk over the life of a project that is used to reduce or eliminate the likelihood or effects of adverse outcomes on project time, cost, and quality targets. The FMEA technique is one of the methods of determining the value of risk that not only identifies the errors and defects that are hidden and obvious in the system and process, but also searches to reduce or eliminate them by taking the correct preventive measures. To analyze the risks in construction projects, we are faced with uncertainties such as ambiguity, and fuzzy theory provides the necessary mathematical tools to deal with vague and ambiguous data. Accordingly, in this study, a model consisting of seven basic steps based on the combination of FMEA technique and fuzzy logic was proposed. The risks in construction projects were identified with the help of previous studies and researches and the effective parameters on the risks were quantified by experts. By calculating the risk priority number, the risks were ranked. In addition, a method for calculating and mapping the level of risks was introduced, which identifies not only critical risks but also all high-risk components of the project risk Breakdown structure. Also, in order to reduce or eliminate the negative consequences of high-priority risks, corrective measures were investigated in the research.