Study of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and essential oil content of medicinal plant of Proveskia abrotanoides Karel in three natural habitats of Raz and Jargalan County

The Proveskia abrotanoides Karel is one of the valuable medicinal species in Iran, and its products have been using in the traditional culture of the people for the prevention and treatment of diseases since long time ago. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of habitat on the phenolic, flavonoid and essential oil contents, sampling of plant branches in full flowering stage with three replications were randomly done from natural habitats of Raz and Jargalan county of North Khorasan province, including Tangeh Torkman district (with height of 995 m), Goynik (with height of 1207 m) and Cheshmeh Seyed (with height of 1450 m). The results of present study showed that the effect of habitat condition was significant on the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and essential oil and Cheshmeh Seyed habitat with 115 phenolic content (mg GA/g D.W), 640 flavonoid (mg Q/g D.W) and 1.47 persentage of essential oil showed the highest amounts of these compounds, respectively which can probably be considered as confirming the beliefs of the native people of the province that they collect and consume more Proveskia abrotanoides from mountainous areas. In the study of the type and the amount of compounds of essential oil, a total of 33 compounds were identified, of which 1,8 Cineole, Camphore, Caryophyllene and Alpha-Humulene were the main compounds of essential oil in this study area. Due to the fact that the medicinal value of Proveskia abrotanoides essential oil depends on the percentage of 1,8 Cineole, Camphore and Caryophyllene, in this study it was observed that essential oil of the Cheshmeh Seyed district has a higher percentage of these compounds and it can be concluded that the best place for the growth of this plant in the region to achieve the best yield quality and quantity of essential oil is Cheshmeh Seyed habitat.