Individual and Social Ethical Conduct from the Viewpoint of Ibn ʿAbbās

The prevailing popular ideology of Muslims suggests that the Companions were mere narrators of the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh) and did not have distinct ideas. Thus, in practice, no effort has been done until the contemporary era to study the opinions of the Companions, know their relationship with each other, study moral thoughts, and compare their moral opinions to each other and to the Shiite school of Ahl al-Bayt. Also, comparison of those teachings with the teachings of the Holy Prophet is less explored, and more neglected. This study aims at reviewing the moral thought of Abdullah Ibn Abbas (d. 68 AH/ 688 CE) with a critical look at this comprehensive approach. Ibn Abbas was a jurist and commentator from the younger generation of the Companions, whose position as a moral teacher or the influence of his moral thoughts on Islamic culture and vision of later periods have not been explored. Among his system of moral opinions, this study is devoted to the study of those ideas that have been narrated about the optimization of individual and social behavior. These ideas have been reflected in his commentaries on Qur'anic verses as well as his questions and quotations from the Holy Prophet (PBUH), and have been formed as one of the dimensions of Ibn Abbas's moral thinking.