Analysis of backscattering signal images in the Nowshahr marine area for maritime situation awareness

The possibility of using SAR radar images to detect and measure the sea surface roughnesses, which are mainly caused by winds and water turbulence, has been investigated. Various images of Sentinel-1 SAR radar data in C band and the incidence angle of 39.16 degree were obtained and processed in both VV and VH polarizations to produce images of backscatter coefficient and intensity for Nowshahr maritime region. According to the results, when the average value of backscatter coefficient at VV polarization is 0.00735, the sea surface roughness in Nowshahr region is low and the wave height is 0.9 m. But when this coefficient is 0.034004, the roughness of the sea level is high and the wave height is 2.7 m. Also, the results confirm that the amounts of backscattering from the sea surface near the shore are higher than the offshore areas in the maritime area of Nowshahr.