The Empowered Routing Based on Depth Zoning and Vector-Based Forwarding for Improving Energy Consumption in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Nowadays, wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks area is one of the hottest research topics in computer networking. Some challenges in these networks are traffic performance, energy consumption and security. Solving the traffic issues and data communication challenges in the networks can be through various strategies on which among them modifying the network layer and routing algorithms is very important solution. On the other hand, among the existing sensor networks, underwater sensor networks are encountering much serious problems in terms of energy source limit and batteries. In this paper, the aim is to enhance the energy consumption in dense acoustic underwater sensor networks utilizing vector-based routing (VBF) such that with creating cubic depth zoning (CDZ), energy consumption is reduced while the traffic performance does not experience any loss. Computer simulation results explicitly demonstrate that in the VBF-based routing protocols, depth zoning is effective to use less energy sources and increase battery lifetimes. Also, the effectiveness in more dense networks is stronger.