Budget Deficit Trend and Strategies to overcome it in the Qajar Period

One of the important issues to understand the financial situation of the Qajar period is the budget deficit trend. In this regard, no documented and independent materials have been presented so far, and this research, by collecting documents and presenting statistics, deals with the budget deficit process and identifies and examines the government's solutions to overcome it. The method of preparing and compiling the research is documentary using library resources and the type of research is explanatory-analytical. This article, while examining the amount of changes and fluctuations in the budget deficit of the Qajar period, will answer the question of what were the causes of the budget deficit?, what were the government's strategies to overcome it?, and was there a significant positive or negative change in the budget deficit with the Constitutional Revolution? The findings of the study indicate that the government in the late Mohammad Shah and in the middle of Mozaffari's government had a budget deficit, due to the issuance of financial documents, numerous loans and increased expenses of courtiers and the military. Even after the Constitutional Revolution, the budget deficit became larger and more persistent. The main reason for the post-constitutional deficit was the size of the bureaucracy, numerous borrowings, the closure of parliament, financial indiscipline, and the occupation of foreign troops, some of which led to a budget adjustment in the late Qajar period.