The functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War in Egypt" by Yusuf al-Qaed

Polyphonic narrative is a new type of narrative used by some postmodernist literary historians in the late 1970s to the last decade. In this type of literature, the author uses several narrators for narration and avoids the use of a single narrator.Yusuf Al-Qa'id(1944), a prominent Egyptian novelist, has used this method in some of his novels to demonstrate his approach to innovation. The purpose of this article is to examine the functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War on the Land of Egypt ". It is important to examine this approach in order to identify novels that are modeled on practices appropriate to the age of democracy and civilization; The methods that have been used in conjunction with the development of societies as well as their social and political transformation to convey effective functions to the Arabic reader. The findings indicate that this narrative method is used in the novel to induce three basic functions, namely,dramatic and thematic struggle, explanation and communityization of events and subjects, creating equality, and establishing equal dialogue among fictional characters.I Yusuf al-Qa'id has chosen this narrative style for his narrative plot and through it he intends to reject with this new kind of monotheism and tyranny in the narration and presentation of ideas so that all the characters are equally Be present in the arena of narration, and on the other hand, the reader should be aware of the crisis of democracy and equality in the Arab society in a tangible and realistic way.