Yield and components of yield reactions of Dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) landraces to different tillage systems in rainfed conditions

Khorramabad region has a temperate climate and it is mainly cultivated with cereals and sometimes dryland beans. Therefore, the cultivation of oilseeds such as safflower and the forgotten plant of Dragon’s head along with legumes in crop rotation with wheat and barley is new and important. Development of oilseed cultivation in rainfed conditions and selection of cultivars with high production potential is an effective and important solution to reduce water consumption. Therefore, in order to improve the quantity and quality of the product, in order to establish a sustainable agricultural system, the use of conservation tillage is of great importance. Therefore, in this study, the effect of tillage on Dragon’s head in rainfed conditions was investigated.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the morphological and biochemical response of Dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) to different tillage systems in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cultivated regions of Khorramabad temperate region and Kamalvand cold region in 2017-18. Three tillage methods including conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage were main plots and five Dragon’s head including cultivar including Takab, Kalibar, Kurdistan, Nazar Kahrizi and Jolfa were as sub plots. Land preparation operation was carried out in November 2017. The width of each tillage strip is equal to twice the width of the tractor (equivalent to the length of each plot) 2.25 × 2.25 meters, the distance between the strips (tillage) is 1.5 meters, the distance between the plots is 0.5 meters, the distance between the repeats is 0.5 was 1 meter. Experimental plots consisted of 9 planting lines with a length of 5 m with a distance of 25 cm between planting rows. The treatments were planted linearly and by hand.

In Khorramabad region, the highest number of hazelnut rotations per plant was obtained from Kurdistan landrace in minimum tillage method (55.6), which was significantly different only from Kalibar landrace. Kalibar landrace in no tillage method (33.6) showed the lowest number of hazelnut rotations per plant. In Kamalvand region, the highest number of hazelnut rotations per plant from Jolfa landrace in minimum tillage method (0.39) which was not significantly different from other landraces in this tillage method. The lowest number of hazelnut rotations per plant was obtained from Takab landrace in no tillage method (26.6) and there was no significant difference with Julfa, Kalibar and Kurdistan landraces (Table 3). In Khorramabad region, the highest 1000-seed weight was observed in Takab landrace in minimum tillage method (3.19 g) which was not significantly different from Kurdistan and Jolfa landraces. The highest grain yield was obtained from Kurdistan landrace in minimum tillage (477 kg ha-1) and the lowest from Kalibar landrace in no tillage (181 kg ha-1). In Kamalvand region, the highest 1000-seed weight was obtained from Nazarkahrizi landrace in minimum tillage method (2.17 g) without significant differences with Takab and Kurdistan landraces and the lowest was obtained from Kalibar landrace in no tillage method (1.26 g). The highest grain yield was obtained from Kalibar landrace in minimum tillage (330 kg ha-1) and the lowest from Takab and Kalibar landraces in no tillage (213.3 kg ha-1) (Table 3).

Results showed that in both areas, minimum tillage method increased the number of seeds per hazelnut. Most of the studied traits were affected by the type of tillage and the minimum tillage method was able to have a better and desirable effect on crop. All studied traits except plant height in the temperate region of Khorramabad had a significant advantage over the cold region of Kamalvand. More suitable temperature conditions and in accordance with the developmental stages in the temperate region of Khorramabad improved the growth and developmental stages of Dragon’s head.