Nvestigating the components of modernism in short stories Mohammad Rahim Okhovvat, Abu Torab Khosravi, Ali Khodaei and Mohammad Keshavarz (Emphasizing the views of Charles May and Susan Ferguson)

Modernism is one of the important literary currents of the twentieth century, which due to its special literary features, distanced itself from traditional forms and ancient expression techniques. Recognizing and explaining the features and characteristics of modernism in the short stories of contemporary Iranian writers is the main subject of this research. In this article, considering the modern short stories of Abu Trab Khosravi, Ali Khodaei, Mohammad Keshavarz and Mohammad Rahim Okhovvat, from each of the mentioned authors, we have tried to give some short stories in terms of the application of the components of modernism according to the views of Charles May and Susan Ferguson. Analyze and review.

The present study is a theoretical study that has been done by library research method. The study area and community is a collection of short stories by Abu Torab Khosravi, Ali Khodaei, Mohammad Keshavarz and Mohammad Rahim Okhovvat.

Each of the authors has been able to use the components of modernism such as the use of eliminative and metaphorical plots, open end, attention to the internal characteristics of the characters, using modern themes (alienation, loneliness, isolation). And individualism), uncertainty, mixing dream and reality, telling the story as a minimal schema, using the characters of the story as a mental state, describing the dreamy field of the story, etc. to figure out a form of modernism in their stories.

The results of the research show that although the extent to which the components of modernism are used in the stories of the authors in question are different, but certainly the special attention paid to the use of these components in storytelling provides the necessary grounds for Has provided them with a modernist attitude. In Okhovvat`s stories, the use of traits such as the isolation and loneliness of the characters, the fluid flow of the mind, and the personality as a state of mind is more pronounced than other traits. In divine stories, the use of elimination and metaphorical plots is more prominent in combining the element of fantasy and reality, symbolism and also the incoherent narration of events. In Khosravi"s stories, the use of symbolism, de-familiarization, uncertainty and also the expression of combining dream and reality is more. In addition, in the farmer"s stories, the use of plots, the expression of loneliness and isolation of the characters, the minimal scheme, the style and the lyrical tone, as well as the uncertainty are more prominent.