The factors of affect indoor air quality in the hospital rooms

The air quality inside hospitals and other healthcare centers is crucial. This research aims to investigate and compare the fungal and bacterial contamination in different hospital wards' equipment and operating rooms. The literature review examined the equipment's contamination indicators and operating room types according to the abundance of bacteria and fungi. The results show that the air in the operating room is less contaminated than in other hospital areas. Nonetheless, there is microbial contamination, including fungi (e.g., Aspergillus), bacteria (e.g., staphylococcus and streptococcus), and viruses (e.g., influenza). The emergency ward has the highest frequency of bacteria, and the general ward has the highest frequency of fungi. Also, hospital beds have the highest frequency of bacteria, and the floor and walls of the operating room have the highest frequency of fungi. Also, the most common bacteria contaminating the operating room are Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Candida, and Pseudomonas. Therefore, failing to observe the microbial contamination of the operating room air and improper management of environmental health, in addition to disrupting the healing process by causing infections, causes the spread of other diseases and prolongs hospitalization, causing excess inpatient costs.