Investigation thr role of delays and detention in loading ships in the effectiveness of international sanctions: A comparative study of the legislative geography of Iran and international convention

Maritime transport is one of the constant features of human life, which is generally associated with a place and geography. In this industry, time is a vital element, so the delay and detention of the ship should be avoided as much as possible, and the damages for detention and how to compensate it has always been one of the important issues in maritime law. In each charter parties, in order to avoide from detention of ship during the loading and discharging operation, term is predicted as demurrage. Demurrage is a form of obligation, meaning that the charterer is required to pay a certain amount to the ship owner in exchange for stopping beyond the time allowed for loading and discharge. Therefore the charterer must consider the capacity and facilities of ports of origin and destination for optimal use of time, as a result, taking into accidental risks for example sanctions, give him/his an allowed time for loading and discharge. Because which can prevent the performance of voyage charter parties. The issue discussed in the present article, is realized only in certain voyage charter parties and maritime bill of lading that includes a charter parties. So in this article we are trying to answer the question of who is responsible for the delays in loading and discharge ships and can regional mechanisms prevent detention of ships? With a descriptive- analytical approach, we will seek a convincing answer to it.