The efficiency of probiotic Lactobacillus for improving of liver function in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sub-lethal levels of nano silver

Due to the emergence of nanotechnology and insufficient knowledge of the potential dangers of these particles on the one hand and the beneficial effects of probiotics on aquatic animals on the other hand, in this study the effect of emerging nano-silver contaminants with bacterial probiotic Lactobacillus as a dietary supplement Some liver indicators in common carp were discussed. The fish were subjected to 6 experimental treatments and after 42 days of feeding with probiotics based on lethal toxicity test and sub-lethal according to OECD standard method, they were exposed to nanosilver for 4 and 10 days, respectively, with adaptation. At the end of the lethal toxicity test, liver tissue samples were extracted from the fish and hepatic histopathology indices were evaluated. Nano-silver alone caused structural abnormalities including deformation and necrosis, bleeding, swelling and dehydration, as well as lateralization of the nucleus in the liver. Probiotics alone drastically reduced the amount of these side effects. Also, the combined use of probiotics and nanosilver, although associated with increased bleeding, stimulated nonspecific immunity in common carp and improved other liver complications.