Bioinformatics analysis of gene sets enrichment between bovine embryonic cleavage ‎and development blastocysts using DNA microarray data

In order to understand the causes of bovine embryo mortality and viability, it is necessary to identify different pathways between the embryonic fission and the blastocyst. The enriched sets of genes from a bovine embryonic cell to a 16-cell and blastocyst stage were examined. The raw DNA microarray data was downloaded from the GEO database. Then differentially expressed probes were enriched with the online software agriGO v2 by means of singular enrichment analysis (SEA). The results of this study showed that a total of 5 genes with increased expression, including KPNA7, RGS2, TESC, MLLT11, BMP15 and 5 genes with decreased expression, including KRT8, CLDN6, PLAC8, FN1, KRT18 had the highest differentially expressed pattern (P ≤0.05). In addition, 39 gene sets in various molecular metabolic pathways, including NADP metabolism, tRNA, ATP, phospholipid catabolism, apoptosis and cell growth, glycolysis, mitosis; 13 gene sets on the path of molecular functions, including manganese ion, RRNA, cytochrome C oxidation activities, translation primers, ATP and ATPase activity and at the level of the cellular components of 12 gene sets on the path of the cytoplasmic cavesicle membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, microtubules and Spindles and plasma membrane showed the highest enrichment (P ≤0.05). As a result, the gene sets enriched with blastocysts indicate the beginning of cell differentiation and the transition from the blastocyst state to the implantation process. Ultimately, at this stage, gene sets are expressed, the interaction of which is likely to result in the survival or analysis of the embryo.